Extreme Long Shot (Establishing Shot) - This is a shot which gives the audience a sense of scene. It shows a large scale of an area and really emphasises the backround and environment the character is against, especially as the first shot within a sequence. When shooting at this kind of distance, it is hard to see the subtle dramatic performances of the character - (so gestures may need to be played big if this wide framing is to be continued for a long length of time).
Long Shot - the whole subject is in frame. The usual convention of the Long Shot (LS) is the character's head and feet are nearly touching the top and bottom of frame. As we are now closer to the subject, it is easier to identify aspects of the character and their performances, but also retain the audiences' awareness of the overall environment they are in, which makes the Long Shot (LS) a good framing for action scenes and observing social groupings.
Medium Shot - The convention of the Medium Shot (MS), is (when framing a person) approximately half of their body is in shot, ie. from waist up. More subtle perfomances and detailed actions can be seen. The Medium Shot is a good framing for conversation scenes between characters, especially if hand movements are part of the performance.
Close Up - The Close Up Shot (CU) shows a detail of the overall subject or action- ie. the head or hands if it is a person. Close ups of characters are a good way to engaging the audience into the character emotionally. We should also note, as we get closer to the character, we begin to lose the background information, therefore emphasising the subject, rather than the background.
Extreme Close Up - With the Extreme Close Up (ECU), a small detail of the subject is framed, often enlarged more than life size, creating a distortion of scale. This unnatural closeness to the subject is good at bringing the viewer into intimate or fetishistic relationship with the subject
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